Hedera helix L.

Species: Hedera helix L., Genus: Hedera, Family: Araliaceae, Group: Angiosperms

(Hedera helix L.)

-> Genus: Hedera -> Family: Araliaceae -> Group: Angiosperms

Habitus

a vine-like, evergreen woody plant (woody vine) up to 20 - 30 m long
it crawls along the ground, or clings to supports such as trees, rocks, building walls, ...
it attaches to the substrate with densely clustered roots that penetrate the substrate
an upright form is also known, growing directly without support (up to 2 m), which is obtained by cutting flowering shoots!

Hedera helix (Common ivy, simply ivy) - attaches to the substrate with densely clustered roots

Hedera helix (Common ivy, simply ivy) - upright form growing without support

Leaves (assimilation organs)

the leaves are simple, persistent, leathery, shiny, 4 - 10 cm long, entire margin
the upper side is dark green with distinct whitish veins, the lower side is lighter
the petiole is hairy, 10 - 150 mm long
the leaves have a dual shape:
- on flowering shoots they are broadly ovate, lanceolate to rhomboid with a long tip
- on non-flowering shoots they are palmately 3 - 5 lobed

Hedera helix (Common ivy, simply ivy) - leaf shape on flowering shoots

Hedera helix (Common ivy, simply ivy) - leaf shape on non-flowering shoots

Flowers

the tree is monoecious, the flowers are bisexual
it blooms in autumn in X – XI !
the flowers are greenish-brown, grouped in hemispherical umbels

Fruits – seeds

the fruit is a spherical, 7 - 10 mm large, bluish-black berry
it ripens in spring (March - April) of the second year

Extension

originally in Central and Southern Europe to Asia Minor, Caucasus in areas with oceanic climate
in Slovakia it is considered a Tertiary relic
it grows in deciduous forests from lowlands to mountains

Ecology

it tolerates shading
it is demanding on the content of nutrients in the soil
in favorable conditions it sometimes forms a continuous stand

Significance

it is used as an ornamental tree in parks, gardens, mainly in forms with variously colored leaves
it is also used in landscaping buildings, concrete structures, fences,...

Hedera helix (Common ivy, simply ivy) - use in greening buildings

Hedera helix (Common ivy, simply ivy) - woody plant (liana) with ornamental leaves

From history

Hedera helix (Common ivy, simply ivy) - Unsere Waldbäume, Sträucher und Zwergholzgewächse. Heidelberg, Carl Winter`s Universitätsbuchhandlung

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