Seed plants (Spermatophyta):
- are plants that reproduce by seeds, in which there is an embryo of the future individual
- seeds are formed in flowers formed by metamorphosed leaves (floral envelope) and carpels (sporophylls), some of which (stamens) form anthers (microsporangia) and in them pollen (microspores) and other carpels (pistils) create eggs (megasporangia) inside with a female cell (oosphere)
- fertilization of the oosphere creates an embryo and the egg turns into a seed.
Seed plants are divided into:
1. Gymnosperms
2. Angiosperms (Angiosperms)
Gymnosperms (Gymnospermae)
- artificially created development group of seed plants
- represent a developmental group of seed plants, which includes woody plants mostly with stiff, non-deciduous, needle-like or scaly leaves
- the sexual organs are formed on metamorphosed leaves, which form sets (flowers) consisting of stamens (microsporangiophores) – male flowers and carpels (megasporophylls) – seed scales – female flowers
- after fertilization, seeds are formed from the eggs, sometimes wrapped in a fleshy seed - scrotum (cup-shaped scrotum - arillus in yew), or they are located on woody or fleshy carpels - seed scales, the whole then forms a small or large (sometimes fleshy - juniper) cone.
