Species: Juglans regia L.

(Juglans regia L.)
-> Genus: Juglans -> Family: Juglandaceae -> Group: Angiosperms

Habitus

  • the tree is 20 – 30 m high
  • the crown is low-set of irregular shape
  • the bark is light grey
  • the bork network is cracked, grey, yellowish in the cracks

Buds

  • the buds are arranged in a spiral, broadly egg-shaped to hemispherical, 4 - 6 x 3 - 4 mm in size, with the terminal bud being the largest
  • the protective scales are greenish-brown to grey, with a fine woolly texture

Shoots

  • they are relatively thick, greenish-brown
  • elongated lenticels, whitish
  • the leaf trace is large, three-lobed with traces of vascular bundles
  • large, segmented stem with membranous partitions

Leaves (assimilation organs)

  • composed leaves - odd-pinnate composed, 20 – 40 cm large
  • they are composed of 2 – 4 pairs of leaves
  • the lower pair of leaves is the smallest
  • individual leaves are elongated elliptical, with a pointed tip, entire margin, short stalked
  • the leaves are aromatic (when crushed)

Flowers

  • it is a monoecious woody plant, flowers are unisexual
  • it blooms in May simultaneously with the unfolding of leaves
  • male (♂) flowers are in drooping catkins, 6 - 10 cm long on last year's twigs
  • female (♀) flowers are 2 - 3 at the end of this year's shoots

Fruits – seeds

  • the fruit is ellipsoid to spherical husk, 4 - 7 x 3 - 5 cm in size
  • the outer pericarp (exocarp) is green, fleshy, smooth, and splits and falls apart while still on the tree (or after falling)
  • the nuts are variable in shape and size, light brown, and shallowly furrowed
  • it ripens in September – October

Extension

  • the original natural range can no longer be determined due to its long history of cultivation
  • Central Asia is considered the original area of distribution

Ecology

  • a heat-loving and light-loving tree species
  • it requires high nutrient content in the soil
  • it is sensitive to frost !

Significance

  • it is a fruit-bearing tree species
  • it provides very high-quality and valued wood, which is used, for example, for:
    • furniture production
    • production of veneers
    • manufacturing of gunstocks (the wood from the base along with the wood from the trunk to the roots - root wood)

From history

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