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Species: Tilia platyphyllos Scop., Genus: Tilia, Family: Tiliaceae, Group: Angiosperms

(Tilia platyphyllos Scop.)
-> Genus: Tilia -> Family: Tiliaceae -> Group: Angiosperms

Habitus

  • it is a tree 30 - 40 m high, crown is broadly ovate to round (spreading)
  • bark red-brown to brown-grey
  • the bark is initially grey, later blackish, longitudinally cracked, the cracks are more pronounced than in the Tilia cordata
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime) (7/2008)
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime) - bork

Buds

  • bud arrangement is spiral - alternate
  • buds are ovoid, blunt or slightly pointed, sessile, 7 - 10 x 5 - 6 mm in size
  • covering scales are two (exceptionally three), the outer (lower) scale is relatively smaller than in the Tilia cordata, it does not even reach half the length of the bud
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime)
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime)
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime)
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime)
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime)
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime)

Shoots

  • shoots are round, broken at the point of budding, thicker on average than in Tilia cordata, they are yellow-brown to reddish-brown
  • lenticels are small, linear, whitish
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime)
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime)
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime)

Leaves (assimilation organs)

  • the leaves are simple, broadly cordate, short-pointed, at the base asymmetrical
  • the margin is sharply serrate to toothed
  • the upper side is dark green, glabrous or hairy, the lower side is yellowish green, glabrous or hairy, densely hairy on the veins
  • the veins of the third order are prominent, parallel !
  • the petiole is glabrous or hairy, 2 – 2.5 cm long
  • in the axils of the veins on the reverse side there are tufts of white hairs
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime) - twig with leaves
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime) - twig with leaves
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime) - veins of the third order are prominent, protruding, parallel (underside)
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime) - underside
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime) - in the axils of the veins on the reverse side there are tufts of white hairs
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime) - top side

Flowers

  • it is a monosexual tree with bisexual flowers
  • it flowers in June, about 14 days earlier than Tilia cordata
  • flowers are similar to small-leaved lime, but they are grouped only in 2 to 3 ! in drooping spikes on a long stalk with tongue-like bracts
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime)

Fruits – seeds

  • the fruit is a spherical to broadly ovoid nut 1 cm large with 4 - 5 more or less protruding ribs !
  • the pericarp is woody, firm, grey, densely felted, it cannot be crushed with fingers
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime)
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime)
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime)

Extension

  • originally in Central and Southern Europe, eastwards to approximately Kharkov (Ukraine), it is absent in the north
  • in Slovakia it grows on average from 500 to 800 m above the sea level, (max. 1,350 m above the sea level) together with other valuable broadleaf trees
  • it is rare in the lowlands, its presence increases at higher altitudes in the east-west direction
  • it mainly grows on ridges and rocky slopes
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime) - Bobrovecká Vápenica, Slovakia
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime) - Zádielska planina, Slovakia (8/2020)

Ecology

  • it has similar environmental requirements as the Tilia cordata
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime) - Bobrovecká Vápenica, Slovakia

Significance

  • similar to the small-leaved lime tree
  • lindens are generally "iconic trees"
  • it tolerates urban environments and is therefore common in urban greenery - lime tree alleys
  • many decorative forms are known (yellow-leaved, striated-leaved, columnar, ...)
  • among the most famous is the "King Matthew's Lime Tree" in the Bojnice Castle park - it is more than 700 years old, the trunk circumference is 11 m, the tree height is 9 m and the crown diameter is 5 m, the King Matthew's Lime Tree is a rare monument and botanically important tree and is protected by the state, since 1962 it has been declared a protected natural creation
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime) - King Matthew's lime tree in the park of Bojnice Castle (7/2007)
Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime) - King Matthew's lime tree in the park of Bojnice Castle (7/2007)

From history

Tilia platyphyllos (Large-leaved lime) - Unsere Waldbäume, Sträucher und Zwergholzgewächse. Heidelberg, Carl Winter`s Universitätsbuchhandlung
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